Root-knot nematode-derived RGF peptide mimics hijack host signaling to orchestrate feeding site formation

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) induce specialized feeding sites called giant cells for successful parasitism in various host plants. However, the molecular details of how nematodes induce these structures remain unclear. We identified a new group of RGF-like peptides from RKNs, which are secreted into host apoplast during early infection. Functional studies indicate these peptides are essential for feeding site establishment by mimicking plant RGFs and activating the host RGI receptor signaling pathway. This cross-kingdom mimicry of host signaling not only enriches our understanding of RGF peptide signaling in fundamental plant development, but also provides potential targets for engineering nematode resistance in crops.